Paleo Weather: A New Paradigm for Examining Extreme Events in Past Climates (Paleo Weather) and Deep2Weather: Emulators for Paleoclimate Weather Simulation (Deep2Weather) aim to study extreme weather events in past warm climates to improve our understanding of future extreme events caused by climate change. They will address critical questions about the relationship between climate change and extreme events such as tropical cyclones and extreme rainfall and flooding caused by atmospheric rivers. These projects are being conducted by the University of Washington, the University of Arizona, the National Center for Atmospheric Research, the University of Oregon, the University of California Irvine, Colorado State University, and Princeton University. These grants are to use paleoclimate proxy data and climate models to understand extreme weather in past climates (Paleo Weather) and to develop and use novel emulators to simulate extreme weather events in past climates (Deep2Weather). Program Science Amount Granted $4,991,051 Year Granted 2023